江苏省阜宁中学左滌江校区 陈 娟
中学生在做单选题时,往往忽视了句中的标点符号,理不清句子结构,凭主观臆断致使单选准确率较低,笔者归纳如下几种含标点的典型句子,助读者解题。
一、标点使答案选择迥异
句子主、谓语间有无逗号使答案迥异,例句:“Every boy and every girl, _____ as I told you” said the teacher.
A. does B. to do C. doing D. do
解析:本题答案为D。说话人强调主语,或上级对下级,长者对年轻人或小孩讲话时,祈使句可有主语,往往要用逗号将句子主语与谓语部分隔开。句中Every boy and every girl是呼语,该主句为祈使句,故用动词原形。若忽视句中的逗号,往往会误选A。
有时,在并列结构中,由于谓语动词承前省略的缘故,也会在主、谓语间加上逗号。
例如:My brother will go to Zhangjije for a holiday, and I, to Jiuzhaigou.
还有,当句子主语部分过长时,也会在主、谓语间加上逗号。
例如:The representatives at the Earth Summit from all over the world, _____ the belief that we should develop the world’s economy without damaging the environment.
A. holding B. held C. holds D. to hold
仔细分析分子成分可以发现谓语前面是句子的主语而不是呼语,句中缺谓语动词,应用held,故不用hold。
二、标点使句子表达性征鲜明
句号表示句子的内容具有陈述性,问号表达疑问性,而感叹号则表达情感性。
例如1:What materials can be recycled _____ the nature of them?
A. depend on B. to depend on
C. depends on D. depending on
解析:本题答案为B。由句尾的问号我们可以知道,what materials can be recycled是整个问句的主、谓部分,其后应该用现在分词短语depending on the nature of them作状语。如果我们把句尾的问号换成句号,what materials can be recycled就成了主语从句,整个主句缺少谓语动词,答案则为C项depends on。
再如:—Sorry, boy, I didn’t mean to …
—Don’t call me “boy”. I’m an adult, and _____ you forget it!
A. did B. do C. didn’t D. don’t
该句句末的感叹号和本题的语境告诉我们这是一个否定的祈使句,故选D项don’t。由连词and连接与前句的Don’t call me…并列。
试比较下面三个例句:
Can’t you just wear a flower instead?(否定的一般疑问句)Isn’t it a nice day? (感叹句)Don’t do that again next time! (祈使句)
三、标点使句子成分分隔有致
逗号也可以起分隔插入语和状语的作用,例一:They decide, as their teacher suggested, _____ they will start out tomorrow and _____ they will take along some necessities.
A. / that B. that, that C. that, / D. that , still
解析:本题答案应为B。尽管我们平常常强调并列宾语从句中第一个宾语从句的引导词that可省,但当谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入成分时,宾语从句的引导词that就不可以省略了。
例二:In a region of concentrated population, _____ is, where many people live and work in a small area, there is always in great need of energy.
A. that B. which C. this D. it
本题应选A。that is 在本句中是插入语,倘若去掉is后面的逗号,答案只能为B项,即which引导的非限制性定语从句。
例三:_____, we’ll go out for a picnic.
A. Weather permits B. Weather is permitted
C. Weather permitting D. Being a fine day
解析:本题答案为C。Weather permitting可以看作分词的复合结构,也可以看作是独立主格结构,在句中作状语。在英语句式中,用连接词表示前后分句间的逻辑关系,不可以仅用逗号分隔,所以句中的逗号就成了排除A项和B项(它们是句子)的关键信息了。
四、标点与连词互补能表达逻辑关系
在并列句和主从复合句中,逗号只起分隔作用,前后两部分的逻辑关系必须用连接词来表达;若没有连接词,则应该用分号而不能是逗号。
例如:_____ is known to us all, Dickens was a famous English novelist.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
解析:本题应选B项。句意为“众所周知,狄更斯是位著名的英国小说家”,句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句。但如果将句中的逗号换成that,答案就只能为A项。It为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
再如,Recently I bought a new house in Nanjing; _____ I need to have it painted before moving into it.
A. but B. so C. and D. /
题中的分号是解答本题的关键。分号用来分隔没有连接词连接的并列从句。故此题不需要填入任何连接词,答案为D。