宋晓丽
(桃源县漳江镇环城路天子岗桃源一中湖南桃源415700)
【摘要】高中英语语言点教学旨在培养学生的听、说、读、写能力,而传统语言点课侧重于教师的知识传授。如何让学生顺畅地听懂、读懂文章乃至在口语和书面表达中主动、灵活地运用英语是语言点课堂上教师要处理的关键。本文以生态高效英语语言点课为基点,探究英语语言点新的教学模式。
教育期刊网 http://www.jyqkw.com
关键词 高中英语;语言点;生态课堂
Ecological class style exploration of teaching language points in high school
Song Xiao li
【Abstract】Language points in high school are intended to develop students’ overall ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Nevertheless, teachers mainly focused on imparting knowledge traditionally. How to help the students understand the material in the book and apply it flexibly is the key to be dealt with. Based on high efficiency of ecological class, this passage explores the new style of teaching language points.
【Key words】High school English;Language points;Ecological class
语言点是语言能力的有机组成部分,是发展学生听说读写译的重要基础,也是语言交流能力的前提。语言点课堂教学即是指教师利用课堂时间向学生讲授教材中尤其是阅读文本材料中的重要语法句型、句式、语言结构、常用短语、交际常用语等内容。一直以来传统的教学模式是老师讲的满堂开花,学生听的昏天暗地。在新课改模式下,也有许多教师着重于词汇口头操练。这两种教学各有弊端,第一种“填鸭式”教学,容量大,学生吸收少,完成的只是老师的教学任务。第二种“口语操练式”教学很大程度上改善了学生在课堂上参与积极性,但学生课堂上能说课下不善于“做”题。从教10年来,笔者一直在不断完善各种课型的教学,总想能找到既让学生学的轻松又让教师教的省心的事半功倍的各种课型的教学模式,通过反复思考,不断完善和改进,我适应了我校一直以来倡导实践的生态高效课堂:生态高效课堂是在影响课堂教学效果的各要素之间的生态和谐与统一的基础上,取得在知识传承、社会化、个体发展、社会变迁各项教育功能上的高效能、高效率。在这里以高二模块7 Unit 4 Traffic accident and road safety “project”环节的语言点课为蓝本,与大家探讨这一教学模式。
一、启发式导入
同一个句子,同一篇作文要求,不同的同学会运用不同的表达;怎样才能让自己的句子脱颖而出,关键看你如何灵活自如的操控语言。在课堂刚开始,以翻译“交通事故每年造成很多伤亡, 因此在路上学会如何保护自己免受伤害很重要。”为导入。学生给出的答案有:S1:Traffic accidents cause many deaths and injuries every year, so learning how to protect yourself from danger on the roads is very important. S2:Traffic accidents result in many deaths and injuries, which reminds us to protect ourselves from the dangers on the roads.不同的学生会造出不同的句子,其思维的广度、深度会不同。这一方式引导学生感受语言的美。这种启发式、开放式的导入能为所有的学生提供展示平台,畅所欲言,而非枯燥的完成老师的教学任务,这与生态高效课堂研究中倡导的生态高效课堂是多元与异质、开放与生成的发展性课堂理念不谋而合。
二、自主学习
高二下期,学生已学完了高中阶段基本的语法、常见的短语,因此完全有能力进行自我梳理;另外,高中阅读课文长, 难度大, 抽象概念内容多, 形象思维内容少,语法现象较复杂。因此, 对学生来说, 自主学习是及其重要的。如果学生在老师上课前对教学内容全然不知,那么学习肯定是被动的, 教师讲解什么, 学生就听什么; 教师演示什么,学生就看什么。这样的学习有什么主动性呢?10分钟的自主学习能保证学生较好得完成自学任务,以下教学才能四两拨千斤。当然学生预习时,要给予指导,提出自学目标。如这堂语言点课的自学任务是划出已学词组短语;找出课文中新出现的短语;重点查阅单词distinction的用法。10分钟的自学之后,学生完成以下任务。
S1:①arise from =result from ②be aimed at
③increase people’s knowledge of sth. =give people a better understanding of sth.
④be aware of =realize⑤be true of
S2:①have a responsibility to do sth.②in connection with =related to③fine…for…
S3: distinction
have the distinction of…享有……的美誉of great distinction卓越的
make/draw a distinction 区分,区别对待make no distinction 不予区分
发散思维: distinct不同的,清晰的, instinct 本能,天性extinct 灭绝的,绝迹的
三、能力提升
这是语言点课的升华。向学生展示例句和自主造句是掌握词汇、句型等知识结构的有效途径之一,但单纯的中译英练习禁锢了学生的思维,抑制了学生学习的主动性;而例句后把时空留给学生,引导其自主造句,让其把知识输入转化为知识输出,通过学生自己想象的虚拟情境创造出富有趣味性和想象力的句子,扩大了学生的思维空间,增强了其参与语言实践活动的热情,也进一步调动了学生的积极性,培养了他们标新立异的精神;如果学生能够运用语言知识点描述生活中的真实情感,这无形中就增加了课堂的信息量,对拓展学生的知识面,提高学生的听说能力是有好处的。因为生态高效课堂是师生身心愉悦、生命美好的高情商课堂。这一环节分两步。
步骤一:理解长难句结构,翻译句子
1. Many cyclists fail to pay attention to the cars that surround them , and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to stop.
2. Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them.
步骤二: 模拟句型结构造句
①Sb. fail to do sth……and often do sth…很多人不注重……而且经常还……
学生自造句:
S1:Many students fail to pay attention to their learning methods and often stay up, allowing them little time to rest and relax.
S:2:Many students fail to finish the teachers’ task on time and often copy other’s work, making them weak and weak in study.
②…make the assumption that …. ……错误的认为……
学生自造句:
S1:Some students make the assumption that learning is to finish their teachers and parents’ task.
S2: Some people make the assumption that beauty means being slim.
四、 知识输出
“词不离句,句不离文”。这一环节是语言点课的高潮部分,是学生学以致用的完美展现。我校生态高效课堂倡导:生态高效课堂既是学生生成与发展的大舞台,也是教师生命焕发的主要场所,更是师生共同成长的牧歌田园。此环节要求学生结合课文话题,书写英语文章;这为学生创造性地使用语言,为语言项目及语言规则有更深刻、更广阔的认识提供了平台;同时这种认知又得以不断修正、完善,最终达到了学生灵活、自如地使用语言,实现学以致用的理想和目标。
结合所学课文,根据以下信息写一篇英语作文:
交通运输的发展给人们带来了便利,可同时也增加了交通事故的发生,造成了更多的伤亡。我们每个人都有必要意识到造成交通事故的原因并有责任预防事故的发生。司机、骑自行车的人、行人应采取哪些措施来防止交通事故?
S1: Traffic development has brought us great convenience, together with the number of road accidents and the death arising from those accidents. We must be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them. This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians.
To prevent traffic accidents, drivers should first pay attention to surrounding traffics and never speak on mobile phones while driving; let alone drinking and speeding. Secondly, cyclists should pay attention too and they should keep their bike in good condition. What’s more, road safety is important for pedestrians as well. They should be cautious and remember to look both ways and listen for cars that they might not be able to see. At last, pedestrians, cyclists and drivers should all obey traffic lights, stopping when the light is red and waiting for it to turn green to go.
It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
结束语
实践证明,以“启发式导入”“自主学习”“能力提升”和“知识输出”四个流程为主题的生态语言点课堂,兼顾了对学生读写的培养,长期落实到位收到了较好得教学效果。这一过程遵循了从“语篇”到“语句”再到“语篇”的语言学习规律,发挥了学生的主体作用,调动了他们的积极性,激活了他们的思维,培养了他们的创新意识。
教育期刊网 http://www.jyqkw.com
参考文献
[1]中华少年 2012(上) 2012年总第7期/189
[2]杰拉尔德?G.马尔腾,人类生态学:可持续发展的基本概念 商务印书馆2012-01-01
[3]范国睿, 教育生态学[M] 人民教育出版社 2000